This means that the female part of the population was left out of the research discovery phase. In this case, crash test dummies were first developed in the U.S. The male body is often defined as the norm and serves as the primary object of study. Method: Rethinking Standards and Reference Models Consequently, women sustain more severe injuries than men in comparable crashes. Still lacking is a 50th percentile female dummy that models female-typical injury tolerance, biomechanics, spinal alignment, neck strength, muscle and ligament strength, dynamic responses to trauma, and other female-typical characteristics. A 5th percentile female crash test dummy (representing the smallest 5th percent of the female adult population) was introduced in 1966, but this dummy is simply a scaled version of the 50th percentile male body and does not model female bodies. The 50th percentile male dummy (a dummy modeling the average male body) is most commonly used. These dummies vary by height and weight to represent human populations. Crash test dummies are used in auto safety testing.
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